ORGANOGENESIS

 

In-vitro regeneration can be achieved through several methods, namely organogenesis induction and embryosomatic induction. Organogenesis originates from organs or tissues without first forming an embryosomatic, this method can be done through the multiplication of shoots from axillary buds and through the formation of adventitious shoots either directly or indirectly. While embryosomatic induction or in-vitro embryogenesis is the process of inducing somatic cells into embryos to develop and differentiate to form whole plants. Organogenesis and embryogenesis can occur directly (directly) or indirectly or through the first callus phase (indirectly).

Organogenesis is the process of forming organs such as shoots, roots, either directly or indirectly through callus formation or not. Organogenesis can be carried out on cells that are meristematic and competent, namely cells that are able to respond to environmental or hormonal signals so that it ends with the formation of organs. There are two factors that affect the ability of cells to carry out organogenesis, namely (1) the level of differentiation and specialization and (2) the influence of nearby tissues on gene expression in these cells. Auxin and cytokinin are growth regulators which are often added to media for the induction of organogenesis. Auxin plays a role in plant growth, among others, in root initiation, stem growth, vascular tissue differentiation and inhibits senescence processes in leaves. Cytokinins play a role, among others, in the formation of adventitious shoots, multiplication of axillary shoots and removing the influence of apical dominance.

In-vitro culture techniques with organogenesis are very popular because they can produce whole plants from only one small tree plant part. One of the most commonly used explants is axillary buds. If this axillary shoot is cultured, it will produce axillary shoot and callus which is very good for use as an explant because it is still meristematic so it is easy to divide.

 

 

Source :

Arhvitasari, Muslimin, Waeniyanti, dan Wardah. 2019. Organogenesis Tanaman Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) - Indole Butiric Acid (IBA) Secara In-Vitro. Jurnal Warta Rimba, 7(3): 88-93.

Tyas, K.N., Slamet, S., Iswari, S.D., dan Nurul, K. 2016. Organogenesis Tunas Secara Langsung Pada Pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.). Buletin Kebun Raya, 19(1): 1-10.